Antioxidant effects of ginkgolides and bilobalide against cerebral ischemia injury by activating the Akt/Nrf2 pathway in vitro and in vivo.

Cell Stress & Chaperones
Qiu LiuWei Xiao

Abstract

Ginkgolide terpenoid lactones, including ginkgolides and bilobalide, are two crucial bioactive constituents of extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb) which was used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The aims of this study were to investigate the antioxidant effects and mechanism of ginkgolides (ginkgolide A (GA), ginkgolide B (GB), ginkgolide K (GK)) and bilobalide (BB) against oxidative stress induced by transient focal cerebral ischemia. In vitro, SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 4 h followed by reoxygenation with ginkgolides and BB treatments for 6 h, and then cell viability, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ROS were respectively detected using kit. Western blot was used to confirm the protein levels of hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), quinone oxidoreductase l (Nqo1), Akt, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), nuclear factor-E2-related factor2 (Nrf2), and phosphorylated Nrf2 (p-Nrf2). GB combined with different concentrations of LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) were administrated to SH-SY5Y cells for 1 h after OGD, and then p-Akt and p-Nrf2 levels were detected by western blot. In vivo, 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established, followed with reperfusion and GB treatme...Continue Reading

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