Antioxidant enzymes are induced by phenol in the marine microalga Lingulodinium polyedrum

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
P L G MartinsP Colepicolo

Abstract

Knowing the impacts of different anthropogenic activities on ecosystems promotes preservation of aquatic organisms. Aiming to facilitate the identification of polluted or contaminated areas, the study of microalga Lingulodinium polyedrum in phenol-containing medium comprises the determination of toxic and metabolic phenol effects, featuring a possible use of this microorganism as bioindicator for this pollutant. Marine microalga L. polyedrum exposure to phenol increases superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. The 20% and 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC20 and IC50) of cells exposed to phenol were 40 μmol L(-1) and 120 μmol L(-1), respectively. Phenol biodegradation by L. polyedrum was 0.02 μmol h(-1)cell(-1), and its biotransformation was catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase (GST), phenol hydroxylase and catechol 2,3-dihydroxygenase metabolic pathways. Phenol exposure produced the metabolites 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde acid, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (catechol), and 2-oxo-4-pentenoic acid; also, it induced the activity of key antioxidant biomarker enzymes SOD and CAT by three folds compared to that in the controls. Further, phenol decreased the glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG), highlighting t...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 8, 2017·Frontiers in Microbiology·Efstratios NikolaivitsEvangelos Topakas
May 3, 2020·Photosynthesis Research·Theocharis T NazosDemetrios F Ghanotakis
Nov 21, 2020·Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology·Lorraine ArcherNicolas Touzet

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