Antivenoms for snakebite: design, function, and controversies

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Eric J Lavonas

Abstract

Animal-derived antivenoms have been used to treat snake envenomation for more than 100 years. Major technological advantages in the past 30 years have produced antivenoms that are highly purified and chemically modified to reduce the risk of acute hypersensitivity reactions. Like all pharmaceutical manufacture, commercial-scale antivenom production requires making trade-offs between cost, purity, pharmacokinetic profile, and production yield. This article reviews the current state of the art for antivenom production and development. Particular attention is paid to controversies and trade-offs used to achieve a balance between improved safety and pharmacokinetic performance.

Citations

Mar 22, 2013·Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI·Lyndi L GilliamMark E Payton
Sep 6, 2015·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Amanda J WitsilSangeeta Rao
Nov 28, 2013·Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps·Christopher JohnsonE D Nicol
Jan 22, 2014·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Carla Cristina Squaiella-BaptistãoDenise V Tambourgi
Jun 29, 2017·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·Rupeng MongMan Li Tse

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