Apigenin Protects Mouse Retina against Oxidative Damage by Regulating the Nrf2 Pathway and Autophagy

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
Yuanzhong ZhangXinrong Xu

Abstract

Oxidative stress is a critical factor in the pathology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Apigenin (AP) is a flavonoid with an outstanding antioxidant activity. We had previously observed that AP protected APRE-19 cells against oxidative injury in vitro. However, AP has poor water and fat solubility, which determines its low oral bioavailability. In this study, we prepared the solid dispersion of apigenin (AP-SD). The solubility and dissolution of AP-SD was significantly better than that of the original drug, so the oral bioavailability in rats was better than that of the original drug. Then, the effects of AP-SD on the retina of a model mouse with dry AMD were assessed by fundus autofluorescence (FAF), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and electron microscopy; the results revealed that AP-SD alleviated retinopathy. Further research found that AP-SD promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and increased expression levels of the Nrf2 and target genes HO-1 and NQO-1. AP-SD enhanced the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and decreased the levels of ROS and MDA. Furthermore, AP-SD upregulated the expressions of p62 and LC3II in an Nrf2-dependent manner. However, these effects of AP-SD were observed only in the retina of Nrf2 ...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 21, 2021·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·Chao Yu, Jian-Hui Xiao

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
electron microscopy
MDA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Nuclear Translocation

Software Mentioned

GraphPad Prism
Quantity One
ImageJ
GraphPad

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