Apoptosis and differentiation of Xenopus tail-derived myoblasts by thyroid hormone

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology
Kei TamuraMichihiko Ito

Abstract

The metamorphosis of anuran amphibians is induced by thyroid hormone (TH). To study the molecular mechanisms underlying tail regression during metamorphosis, we established a cell line, XL-B4, from a Xenopus laevis tadpole tail at a premetamorphic stage. The cells expressed myoblast markers and differentiated into myotubes in differentiation medium. XL-B4 cells expressing fluorescent proteins were transplanted into tadpole tails. At 5 days post-transplantation, fluorescence was observed in myotube-like structures, indicating that the myoblastic cells could contribute to skeletal muscle. Exposure of XL-B4 cells to the TH triiodothyronine (T3) for several days significantly induced apoptotic cell death. We then examined an early response of expression of genes involved in apoptosis or myogenesis to T3. Treatment of the cells with T3 increased transcription of genes for matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and thyroid hormone receptor beta. Interestingly, the T3-treatment also increased myoD transcripts, but decreased the amounts of myogenin mRNA and myosin heavy chain. Importantly, we also observed upregulation of myoD expression and downregulation of myogenin expression in tails, but not in hind limbs, when tadpoles at a premetamo...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 13, 2016·Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology·Meng LiGuonian Zhu
Jul 25, 2019·Alternatives to Laboratory Animals : ATLA·Elin VerbruggheFrank Pasmans
Nov 17, 2016·Breast Cancer : the Journal of the Japanese Breast Cancer Society·Teng LiGuanghui Xu
Apr 24, 2021·Stem Cell Research·Rina Otsuka-YamaguchiMari Dezawa

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Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a specific process that leads to programmed cell death through the activation of an evolutionary conserved intracellular pathway leading to pathognomic cellular changes distinct from cellular necrosis

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