Apoptosis in the development of rat and human fetal lungs

American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology
L M ScavoJoseph A Kitterman

Abstract

The establishment of an effective pulmonary alveolar-capillary interface occurs during mid to late gestation. This requires an expansion of endothelial, epithelial, and air space compartments with relative thinning of the interstitial compartment. Traditionally, these changes have been attributed to differences in the rate of cell growth in the respective compartments. We hypothesized that apoptosis also participates in this lung remodeling. Using light and electron microscopy, the nucleosomal ladder pattern of DNA digestion, and the detection of apoptotic cells in situ by the TUNEL method (Gavrieli, et al. J. Cell Biol. 1992;119:493-501), we demonstrated the occurrence of apoptosis in fetal lungs in vivo and in explant culture. In the rat fetal lung (RFL) in vivo we detected apoptosis from 16 through 22 d gestation. There was variation in the amount of DNA digestion between fetal lungs, but no correlation with gestational age. The findings in human fetal lungs (HFL) from 15 through 24 wk gestation were similar to those of the RFL; the apoptotic indices for both were about 2 apoptotic cells per thousand, suggesting that a significant percentage of cells are eliminated by this mechanism. In the HFL explant culture system, a rapi...Continue Reading

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