Apparent density of the primate calcaneo-cuboid joint and its association with locomotor mode, foot posture, and the "midtarsal break"

American Journal of Physical Anthropology
Matthew G NowakBiren A Patel

Abstract

Primates use a range of locomotor modes during which they incorporate various foot postures. Humans are unique compared with other primates in that humans lack a mobile fore- and midfoot. Rigidity in the human foot is often attributed to increased propulsive and stability requirements during bipedalism. Conversely, fore- and midfoot mobility in nonhuman primates facilitates locomotion in arboreal settings. Here, we evaluated apparent density (AD) in the subchondral bone of human, ape, and monkey calcanei exhibiting different types of foot loading. We used computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry and maximum intensity projection (MIP) maps to visualize AD in subchondral bone at the cuboid articular surface of calcanei. MIPs represent 3D volumes (of subchondral bone) condensed into 2D images by extracting AD maxima from columns of voxels comprising the volumes. False-color maps are assigned to MIPs by binning pixels in the 2D images according to brightness values. We compared quantities and distributions of AD pixels in the highest bin to test predictions relating AD patterns to habitual locomotor modes and foot posture categories of humans and several nonhuman primates. Nonhuman primates exhibit dorsally positioned high AD concen...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 5, 2013·PloS One·Kristian J CarlsonBiren A Patel
Sep 21, 2010·Journal of Human Evolution·Nicole L GriffinPeter Aerts
Sep 23, 2014·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Thomas M Greiner, Kevin A Ball
Aug 16, 2015·Journal of Human Evolution·Peter J FernándezWilliam L Jungers
Jan 31, 2015·PloS One·Tea JashashviliKristian J Carlson
Apr 23, 2017·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Adam D Sylvester, Claire E Terhune
Jul 28, 2016·Journal of Human Evolution·Angel ZeiningerKristian J Carlson
Mar 27, 2018·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Susan G Larson
Dec 28, 2017·The Anatomical Record : Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology·Biren A PatelKristian J Carlson
May 21, 2013·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Jeremy M DeSilva, Simone V Gill
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Aug 5, 2016·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Kevin G HatalaBrian G Richmond
Jan 5, 2011·PloS One·Jeremy M DeSilva, Zachary J Throckmorton
Jul 25, 2012·Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association·Priya Ponnapula
Jan 24, 2013·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Christopher B Ruff, Ryan Higgins
Aug 27, 2021·Journal of Human Evolution·Christine M HarperAdam D Sylvester

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