Apparent diffusion coefficient estimates based on 24 hours tracer movement support glymphatic transport in human cerebral cortex.

Scientific Reports
Lars Magnus ValnesKent-Andre Mardal

Abstract

The recently proposed glymphatic system suggests that bulk flow is important for clearing waste from the brain, and as such may underlie the development of e.g. Alzheimer's disease. The glymphatic hypothesis is still controversial and several biomechanical modeling studies at the micro-level have questioned the system and its assumptions. In contrast, at the macro-level, there are many experimental findings in support of bulk flow. Here, we will investigate to what extent the CSF tracer distributions seen in novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigations over hours and days are suggestive of bulk flow as an additional component to diffusion. In order to include the complex geometry of the brain, the heterogeneous CSF flow around the brain, and the transport over the time-scale of days, we employed the methods of partial differential constrained optimization to identify the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) that would correspond best to the MRI findings. We found that the computed ADC in the cortical grey matter was 5-26% larger than the ADC estimated with DTI, which suggests that diffusion may not be the only mechanism governing transport.

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Citations

Dec 30, 2020·PloS One·Cécile Daversin-CattyMarie E Rognes
Jan 20, 2021·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·Tekla Maria KylkilahtiIben Lundgaard
Apr 9, 2021·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·Per Kristian EideGeir Ringstad
Jul 9, 2021·Brain Communications·Per Kristian EideLars Magnus Valnes
Aug 11, 2021·Scientific Reports·Vegard VinjeMarie E Rognes

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Software Mentioned

scipy
mathop
SIM
FreeSurfer
Computational Geometry Algorithms Library ( CGAL )

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