AppendiXNet: Deep Learning for Diagnosis of Appendicitis from A Small Dataset of CT Exams Using Video Pretraining.

Scientific Reports
Pranav RajpurkarBhavik N Patel

Abstract

The development of deep learning algorithms for complex tasks in digital medicine has relied on the availability of large labeled training datasets, usually containing hundreds of thousands of examples. The purpose of this study was to develop a 3D deep learning model, AppendiXNet, to detect appendicitis, one of the most common life-threatening abdominal emergencies, using a small training dataset of less than 500 training CT exams. We explored whether pretraining the model on a large collection of natural videos would improve the performance of the model over training the model from scratch. AppendiXNet was pretrained on a large collection of YouTube videos called Kinetics, consisting of approximately 500,000 video clips and annotated for one of 600 human action classes, and then fine-tuned on a small dataset of 438 CT scans annotated for appendicitis. We found that pretraining the 3D model on natural videos significantly improved the performance of the model from an AUC of 0.724 (95% CI 0.625, 0.823) to 0.810 (95% CI 0.725, 0.895). The application of deep learning to detect abnormalities on CT examinations using video pretraining could generalize effectively to other challenging cross-sectional medical imaging tasks when trai...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 13, 2021·Journal of Digital Imaging·Paul H YiLisa A Mullen
May 13, 2021·PeerJ. Computer Science·Saleh AlbahliValentina Emilia Balas
May 18, 2021·Frontiers in Pediatrics·Ricards MarcinkevicsJulia E Vogt
Jun 29, 2021·Circulation Journal : Official Journal of the Japanese Circulation Society·Susumu KatsushikaIssei Komuro
Jul 31, 2021·World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG·Simon BourcierLee S Nguyen
Sep 2, 2021·Nature Communications·Rohan ShadWilliam Hiesinger

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Software Mentioned

Kinetics
AppendiXNet
ImageNet
Statistic
ResNeXt
Grad
CAM

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