Application of epigenome-modifying small molecules in induced pluripotent stem cells

Medicinal Research Reviews
Junyan LuKeqin Kathy Li

Abstract

Recent breakthroughs in generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using four defined factors have revealed the potential utility of stem cells in biological research and clinical applications. However, the low efficiency and slow kinetics of reprogramming related to producing these cells and underlying safety issues, such as viral integration and genetic and epigenetic abnormalities of iPSCs, hamper the further application of iPSCs in laboratory and clinical settings. Previous studies have suggested that reprogramming efficiency can be enhanced and that reprogramming kinetics can be accelerated by manipulating epigenetic status. Herein, we review recent studies on the application of epigenome-modifying small molecules in enhancing reprogramming and functionally replacing some reprogramming factors. We mainly focus on studies that have used small molecules to interfere with epigenome-modifying enzymes, such as DNA methyltransferase, histone acetyltransferase, and histone methyltransferase. The potential use of these small molecules in inducing iPSCs and new ways to identify small molecules of higher potency and fewer side effects are also discussed.

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Citations

Jan 27, 2016·Reviews in the Neurosciences·Mária CsöbönyeiováL'uboš Danišovič
Jul 20, 2014·Cell and Tissue Banking·Maria CsobonyeiovaLubos Danisovic
Apr 30, 2016·Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology·Mária CsöbönyeiováL'uboš Danišovič
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Jan 18, 2015·Experimental Biology and Medicine·Mária CsöbönyeiováL'uboš Danišovič
Aug 15, 2020·Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology : RB&E·Palak GujralAnna P Ponnampalam

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