Application of genotyping during an extensive outbreak of waterborne giardiasis in Bergen, Norway, during autumn and winter 2004

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
L J RobertsonN Langeland

Abstract

During the autumn and winter of 2004 and 2005, an extensive outbreak of waterborne giardiasis occurred in Bergen, Norway. Over 1,500 patients were diagnosed with giardiasis. Analysis of water from the implicated source revealed low numbers of Giardia cysts, but the initial contamination event probably occurred up to 10 weeks previously. While sewage leakage from a residential area is now considered to be the probable source of contamination, during the episode waste from one particular septic tank was thought to be a possible source. Genotyping of cysts from the septic tank demonstrated that they were assemblage A cysts, although the sequences were not identical to any previously published sequences. For the beta-giardin gene, the closest published subgenotype was subgenotype A3; for the gdh gene, the closest published subgenotype was subgenotype A2. Genotyping of cysts from 21 patient samples revealed that they were assemblage B cysts; thus, the septic tank was unlikely to be the contamination source. Sequencing of the beta-giardin and gdh genes from patient samples and a comparison of the sequences gave complex results. For the beta-giardin gene, three isolates had sequences identical to subgenotype B3 sequences. However, oth...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

May 1, 2009·Parasitology Research·D SagebielK Leitmeyer
Feb 18, 2011·Parasitology Research·Rafael Alberto Martínez-DíazMaría Teresa Gómez-Muñoz
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Oct 13, 2011·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Kurt HanevikNina Langeland
Aug 4, 2006·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·L J RobertsonB K Gjerde
Jan 15, 2011·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·Yaoyu Feng, Lihua Xiao
Jul 14, 2010·International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health·Judit PlutzerPanagiotis Karanis
Jan 9, 2010·Trends in Parasitology·Lucy J RobertsonNina Langeland
Jul 7, 2009·Journal of Microbiological Methods·Hans Wilke, Lucy J Robertson
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Oct 30, 2007·The Journal of Infection·Kurt HanevikNina Langeland
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Feb 22, 2017·Journal of Food Protection·Declan J Bolton, Lucy J Robertson
Sep 14, 2007·Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases·Lucy J RobertsonNina Langeland

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