Application of the Key Characteristics of Carcinogens to Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Alexis M TemkinLisa M Kamendulis

Abstract

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) constitute a large class of environmentally persistent chemicals used in industrial and consumer products. Human exposure to PFAS is extensive, and PFAS contamination has been reported in drinking water and food supplies as well as in the serum of nearly all people. The most well-studied member of the PFAS class, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), induces tumors in animal bioassays and has been associated with elevated risk of cancer in human populations. GenX, one of the PFOA replacement chemicals, induces tumors in animal bioassays as well. Using the Key Characteristics of Carcinogens framework for cancer hazard identification, we considered the existing epidemiological, toxicological and mechanistic data for 26 different PFAS. We found strong evidence that multiple PFAS induce oxidative stress, are immunosuppressive, and modulate receptor-mediated effects. We also found suggestive evidence indicating that some PFAS can induce epigenetic alterations and influence cell proliferation. Experimental data indicate that PFAS are not genotoxic and generally do not undergo metabolic activation. Data are currently insufficient to assess whether any PFAS promote chronic inflammation, cellular immo...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 7, 2020·Pharmacology & Therapeutics·Anna FishbeinDipak Panigrahy
Jan 23, 2021·Toxics·Mathilda AlsenMaaike van Gerwen
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Aug 21, 2021·Environmental Health : a Global Access Science Source·Colin L SoskolneLisa A Bero

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