Application-specific selection of biomaterials for pediatric craniofacial reconstruction: developing a rational approach to guide clinical use

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Arun K GosainJugpal S Arneja

Abstract

Biomaterials provide an invaluable alternative to autogenous bone graft for pediatric craniofacial reconstruction. However, there is no uniform agreement on the choice of biomaterial for different reconstructive needs. Patients who had reconstruction of the craniofacial skeleton with alloplastic materials from 1994 to 2006 by a single surgeon were reviewed. Biomaterials used consisted of three classes: cement pastes, biomaterials designed to be replaced by bone, and prefabricated polymers. The study included 25 patients with a mean age of 5.5 years and a mean follow-up of 3.3 years. Cement pastes used for onlay augmentation to the cranial skeleton in eight patients consisted of hydroxyapatite (n = 5) and calcium phosphate (n = 3). One patient had a postoperative infection that resolved with partial implant removal and antibiotics. Biomaterials designed to be replaced by bone consisted of bioactive glass (n = 3) and demineralized bone (n = 8), which were used for inlay reconstruction of full-thickness calvarial defects in 11 patients. Computed tomographic scanning showed adequate bone mineralization in nine patients; two of the three patients with calvarial defects greater than 5 cm in diameter demonstrated variable mineralizati...Continue Reading

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Oct 5, 2010·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·Ahmed M AfifiJames E Zins
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Oct 26, 2012·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·Kyle Chepla, Arun K Gosain
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