apterous A specifies dorsal wing patterns and sexual traits in butterflies

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
Anupama Prakash, Antónia Monteiro

Abstract

Butterflies have evolved different colour patterns on their dorsal and ventral wing surfaces to serve different signalling functions, yet the developmental mechanisms controlling surface-specific patterning are still unknown. Here, we mutate both copies of the transcription factor apterous in Bicyclus anynana butterflies using CRISPR/Cas9 and show that apterous A, expressed dorsally, functions both as a repressor and modifier of ventral wing colour patterns, as well as a promoter of dorsal sexual ornaments in males. We propose that the surface-specific diversification of wing patterns in butterflies proceeded via the co-option of apterous A or its downstream effectors into various gene regulatory networks involved in the differentiation of discrete wing traits. Further, interactions between apterous and sex-specific factors such as doublesex may have contributed to the origin of sexually dimorphic surface-specific patterns. Finally, we discuss the evolution of eyespot number diversity in the family Nymphalidae within the context of developmental constraints due to apterous regulation.

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Citations

May 21, 2019·Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists·Christopher R DayArnaud Martin
Feb 23, 2020·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Anupama Prakash, Antónia Monteiro
Mar 13, 2020·G3 : Genes - Genomes - Genetics·Kumar Saurabh SinghManmohan D Sharma
Jun 6, 2019·Methods and Protocols·Tirtha Das Banerjee, Antónia Monteiro
Aug 5, 2020·Nature Ecology & Evolution·Courtney M Clark-Hachtel, Yoshinori Tomoyasu
Jan 16, 2020·Methods and Protocols·Tirtha Das Banerjee, Antónia Monteiro
Feb 9, 2020·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Yoshinori Tomoyasu, Marc S Halfon
Jan 13, 2021·Current Opinion in Genetics & Development·Patrícia Beldade, Antónia Monteiro
Sep 28, 2021·Journal of Evolutionary Biology·Florence Piron-PrunierJérémy Gauthier

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
gene knockout
PCR
in vitro transcription
genotyping

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