Arabidopsis downy mildew effector HaRxL106 suppresses plant immunity by binding to RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1.

The New Phytologist
Lennart WirthmuellerJonathan D G Jones

Abstract

The oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) causes downy mildew disease on Arabidopsis. To colonize its host, Hpa translocates effector proteins that suppress plant immunity into infected host cells. Here, we investigate the relevance of the interaction between one of these effectors, HaRxL106, and Arabidopsis RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1 (RCD1). We use pathogen infection assays as well as molecular and biochemical analyses to test the hypothesis that HaRxL106 manipulates RCD1 to attenuate transcriptional activation of defense genes. We report that HaRxL106 suppresses transcriptional activation of salicylic acid (SA)-induced defense genes and alters plant growth responses to light. HaRxL106-mediated suppression of immunity is abolished in RCD1 loss-of-function mutants. We report that RCD1-type proteins are phosphorylated, and we identified Mut9-like kinases (MLKs), which function as phosphoregulatory nodes at the level of photoreceptors, as RCD1-interacting proteins. An mlk1,3,4 triple mutant exhibits stronger SA-induced defense marker gene expression compared with wild-type plants, suggesting that MLKs also affect transcriptional regulation of SA signaling. Based on the combined evidence, we hypothesize that nucl...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 22, 2019·Annual Review of Microbiology·Yan WangYuanchao Wang
Feb 29, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Junmei Kang, Zhen Wang
Apr 17, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Dagmar Rissel, Edgar Peiter
Jul 13, 2019·Frontiers in Plant Science·Xiaowei Han, Regine Kahmann
Dec 14, 2019·Scientific Reports·Lise Friis ChristensenKaren Skriver
Oct 4, 2020·Nature Communications·Christopher H DouseYorgo Modis
Oct 25, 2020·The New Phytologist·Claudia-Nicole MeisrimlerRichard J Morris
Dec 29, 2020·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Katrine BuggeKaren Skriver
Dec 30, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Edoardo SalladiniKaren Skriver
Dec 31, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Zhiyuan BianChongying Wang
Dec 17, 2021·Nature Communications·Nobuaki IshihamaKen Shirasu
Dec 17, 2021·The New Phytologist·Laurent CambordeElodie Gaulin

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transgenic
PCR
confocal microscopy
electrophoresis
Y2H
transgenics
X‐ray
pulldown
immunoprecipitation
thermal shift

Software Mentioned

mage J
BLASTP

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