Arctic marine mammal population status, sea ice habitat loss, and conservation recommendations for the 21st century

Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology
Kristin L LaidreFernando Ugarte

Abstract

Arctic marine mammals (AMMs) are icons of climate change, largely because of their close association with sea ice. However, neither a circumpolar assessment of AMM status nor a standardized metric of sea ice habitat change is available. We summarized available data on abundance and trend for each AMM species and recognized subpopulation. We also examined species diversity, the extent of human use, and temporal trends in sea ice habitat for 12 regions of the Arctic by calculating the dates of spring sea ice retreat and fall sea ice advance from satellite data (1979-2013). Estimates of AMM abundance varied greatly in quality, and few studies were long enough for trend analysis. Of the AMM subpopulations, 78% (61 of 78) are legally harvested for subsistence purposes. Changes in sea ice phenology have been profound. In all regions except the Bering Sea, the duration of the summer (i.e., reduced ice) period increased by 5-10 weeks and by >20 weeks in the Barents Sea between 1979 and 2013. In light of generally poor data, the importance of human use, and forecasted environmental changes in the 21st century, we recommend the following for effective AMM conservation: maintain and improve comanagement by local, federal, and internationa...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 26, 2016·Royal Society Open Science·Paul B ConnPeter L Boveng
Jun 3, 2016·Global Change Biology·Sébastien DescampsHallvard Strøm
Oct 19, 2016·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·Nicholas J LunnIan Stirling
Aug 19, 2016·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Ryan R WilsonMichelle St Martin
Oct 28, 2016·Biology Letters·Kristin L LaidreBen Hudson
Nov 16, 2016·Science·Brett R ScheffersJames E M Watson
Apr 18, 2017·The Journal of Animal Ecology·Charmain D HamiltonChristian Lydersen
Nov 18, 2017·PloS One·Ana D DavidsonCatherine H Graham
Apr 16, 2018·Global Change Biology·Karlie S McDonaldPeter A Thompson
Nov 3, 2017·Ecology Letters·Briana AbrahmsDaniel P Costa
Oct 11, 2017·Global Change Biology·Karyn D RodeKristin Simac
Aug 9, 2018·Global Change Biology·David C StonerThomas C Edwards
Jan 24, 2019·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·Jody R ReimerMark A Lewis
Mar 7, 2019·Biology Letters·Charmain D HamiltonChristian Lydersen
Oct 4, 2019·Medical Anthropology·P Joshua Griffin
Dec 17, 2019·Science Advances·Eric PostMuyin Wang
Jan 12, 2020·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·Kristin L LaidreMarkus Dyck
Feb 23, 2018·Ecology and Evolution·Kristin L LaidrePatrick Heagerty
Jul 5, 2017·Scientific Reports·Francisco RamírezSébastien Descamps
Sep 25, 2019·Conservation Physiology·Tricia L FryTony Goldberg
Apr 22, 2020·Ecology and Evolution·Evelyn L JensenStephen C Lougheed
Feb 25, 2017·PloS One·Donna D W HauserPierre R Richard
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Jun 27, 2018·Scientific Reports·Philippine ChambaultMads Peter Heide-Jørgensen
Jan 27, 2019·Science·Nicholas D Pyenson
Mar 2, 2017·Oecologia·Jasmine V WareHeiko T Jansen
Oct 31, 2017·The Journal of Applied Ecology·Eric V RegehrHarry L Stern

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