Are Echiura derived from a segmented ancestor? Immunohistochemical analysis of the nervous system in developmental stages of Bonellia viridis

Journal of Morphology
René Hessling, Wilfried Westheide

Abstract

Despite several unquestionably homologous characters with Annelida, the Echiura have generally been considered to form a distinct taxon due to apparent lack of segmentation: neither in the body cavity nor in any other structures of the adult animals have clear signs of a metameric organization been observed. However, it must be considered that this lack of segmentation could represent a secondary condition and that Echiura are derived from segmented ancestors. An immunohistochemical analysis visualized with confocal laser-scanning microscopy (cLSM) shows the development of serially repeated units in the nervous system of Bonellia viridis. This organization corresponds to the metameric ganglia typical of Annelida. Antibodies against the neurotransmitters serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) and FMRFamide label distinct subsets of neurons. Their perikarya are arranged in discrete repetitive units in the ventral nerve cord of different larval stages. Labeling of neurotubuli using antibodies against different tubulin isoforms provides additional support for the metameric character of the nervous system. Contrary to previous descriptions, the peripheral nerves extending from the ventral nerve cord into the body wall musculature are paire...Continue Reading

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Sep 1, 2005·Development Genes and Evolution·Andreas WanningerBernard M Degnan
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