PMID: 6401519Jan 15, 1983Paper

Are "pink puffers" more breathless than "blue bloaters"?

British Medical Journal
M A JohnsonD M Geddes

Abstract

Breathlessness, disability, and exercise tolerance were assessed in 26 patients with severe chronic airflow limitation (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) less than or equal to 1 litre) divided into two groups--15 patients who were normocapnic (pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (Paco2) less than 5.5 kPa (less than 41.4 mm Hg)), and 11 patients who were hypercapnic (Paco2 greater than 6 kPa (greater than than 45.1 mm Hg)). The two groups were well matched for spirometric values (FEV1 0.59 1 and 0.62 1, respectively). All of the hypercapnic patients could improve blood gas tensions towards normal by hyperventilation. There were no significant differences in visual analogue scores of breathlessness during treadmill exercise, disability (oxygen-cost diagram, dyspnoea grade), or exercise tolerance (six-minute walk, maximal consumption of oxygen during bicycle ergometry, distance walked to exhaustion in progressive treadmill test). The findings show that the "fight" to maintain normal blood gas tensions in the face of severe airflow limitation does not have an appreciable cost in terms of disability.

References

Oct 1, 1976·British Journal of Diseases of the Chest·S G Spiro, I R Dowdeswell
Jan 1, 1968·The American Journal of Medicine·G F FilleyR S Mitchell
Apr 25, 1981·Lancet·A A WoodcockD M Geddes
May 29, 1982·British Medical Journal·R J ButlandD M Geddes
Jan 1, 1981·Journal of Psychosomatic Research·R Rosser, A Guz
Nov 8, 1980·British Medical Journal
Aug 1, 1963·Archives of Environmental Health·E D ROBIN, R P O'NEILL
Apr 6, 1964·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·R S MITCHELLG F FILLEY

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Citations

Jul 16, 1983·British Medical Journal·C Ogilvie
Nov 1, 1987·The American Review of Respiratory Disease·R W RobinsonC W Zwillich
Mar 17, 2011·International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease·Eduardo Márquez-MartínFrancisco Ortega Ruiz
Dec 3, 2011·International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease·Domenico Maurizio ToraldoGiuseppe Nicolardi
Nov 21, 2007·COPD·Adam L FriedlanderRussell P Bowler

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