PMID: 9542550May 23, 1998Paper

Are road safety evaluation studies published in peer reviewed journals more valid than similar studies not published in peer reviewed journals?

Accident; Analysis and Prevention
Rune Elvik

Abstract

The peer review system of scientific journals is commonly assumed to prevent seriously flawed research from getting published. This paper compares the quality of 44 road safety evaluation studies published in peer reviewed journals to the quality of 79 evaluation studies dealing with the same safety measures, but not published in peer reviewed journals, in terms of seven criteria of study validity. Studies were scored for validity in terms of (1) sampling technique, (2) total sample size, (3) mean sample size for each result, (4) specification of accident or injury severity, (5) study design, (6) number of confounding factors controlled and (7) number of moderator variables specified. Confounding factors are all factors that disturb the attribution of a causal relationship between the safety measure being evaluated and the observed changes in safety, moderator variables are all variables that influence the size of the effect of the safety measure. Very few statistically reliable differences in study validity were found between studies published in peer reviewed journals and studies not published in such journals. There was, at best, a weak tendency for studies published in peer reviewed journals to score higher for validity. An...Continue Reading

References

Dec 1, 1991·Accident; Analysis and Prevention·R E MannL Anglin
May 1, 1981·Controlled Clinical Trials·T C ChalmersA Ambroz
Jan 1, 1994·Experimental Brain Research·E Brenner, A V van den Berg
Apr 1, 1994·Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology·J R Crossen, A N Wiens
Dec 31, 1993·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·K Dickersin, Y I Min
Oct 1, 1993·Accident; Analysis and Prevention·R Elvik

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Citations

Apr 20, 2007·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·T JeffersonF Davidoff

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