Are we crying Wolff? 3D printed replicas of trabecular bone structure demonstrate higher stiffness and strength during off-axis loading

Bone
Zach WoodMeir M Barak

Abstract

Roux's principle of bone functional adaptation postulates that bone tissue, and particularly trabecular bone tissue, responds to mechanical stimuli by adjusting (modeling) its architecture accordingly. Hence, it predicts that the new modeled trabecular structure is mechanically improved (stiffer and stronger) in line with the habitual in vivo loading direction. While previous studies found indirect evidence to support this theory, direct support was so far unattainable. This is attributed to the fact that each trabecular bone is unique, and that trabecular bone tissue tends to be damaged during mechanical testing. Consequently, a unique modeled trabecular structure can be mechanically tested only along one direction and a comparison to other directions for that specific structure is impossible. To address this issue, we have 3D printed 10 replicas of a trabecular structure from a sheep talus cropped along the 3 principal axes of the bone and in line with the principal direction of loading (denoted on-axis model). Next, we have rotated the same cropped trabecular structure in increments of 10° up to 90° to the bone principal direction of loading (denoted off-axis models) and printed 10 replicas of each off-axis model. Finally, a...Continue Reading

Citations

Feb 6, 2020·Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences·Navin KumarBharat Bhushan
May 8, 2021·Science·Sergio AlmécijaDavid M Alba

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