Areca nut dependence among chewers in a South Indian community who do not also use tobacco.

Addiction
Shrihari J S BhatMark Nichter

Abstract

Previously reported research suggests a dependence syndrome for areca nut use, though well-designed studies are virtually non-existent. The goal of this study was to examine evidence of areca dependence in a sample of areca-only (i.e. no tobacco) chewers using modified measurement scales. A purposive sample of chewers, identified via local informants and advertisements, was surveyed from January to March of 2005. Six villages in Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka State, India. Fifty-nine daily areca chewers who do not also currently use any form of tobacco. Questionnaires included modified versions of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire, Cigarette Dependence Scale (CDS-5) and the Smokeless Tobacco Dependence Scale (STDS). Additional questions assessed demographic characteristics and patterns of use. Approximately half of respondents reported 1-3 chews/day (mean = 1.9; SD = 0.98). The average number of chewing episodes/day was 4.4 (SD = 3.4) and the average number of nuts/day was 1.2 (SD = 1.1). Users' typical chew lasts up to 20 minutes and includes spitting out the juices and rinsing the mouth with water. Overall, the levels of reported dependence symptoms were quite low, but approximately 44% of chewers endorsed at least...Continue Reading

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