Arthropod-Borne Diseases: The Camper's Uninvited Guests

Microbiology Spectrum
Gregory Juckett

Abstract

Arthropod-borne diseases are a major problem whenever outdoor activities bring arthropods and people into contact. The arthropods discussed here include arachnids (ticks) and insects. Most arthropod bites and stings are minor, with the notable exception being bee-sting anaphylaxis. Ticks cause the most disease transmission. Key hard tick vectors include black-legged (Ixodes), dog (Dermacentor), and lone star (Amblyomma) ticks, which transmit Lyme and various rickettsial diseases. Insect repellents, permethrin sprays, and proper tick inspection reduce this risk significantly. Lyme disease and the milder southern-tick-associated rash illness (STARI) are characterized by the erythema migrans rash followed, in the case of Lyme disease, by early, disseminated, and late systemic symptoms. Treatment is with doxycycline or ceftriaxone. Indefinite treatment of "chronic Lyme disease" based on subjective symptoms is not beneficial. Rickettsial diseases include ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever, which are characterized by fever, headache, and possible rash and should be empirically treated with doxycycline while awaiting laboratory confirmation. Tularemia is a bacterial disease (Francisella) spread by ticks and r...Continue Reading

References

Oct 10, 2006·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Gary P WormserRobert B Nadelman
May 3, 2008·Mayo Clinic Proceedings·Robert L BrattonFrederick D Edwards
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Jun 29, 2013·Pediatric Annals·Nada S Harik

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Citations

May 28, 2019·Rheumatology International·Albert H RedfordArthur D Bankhurst

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