PMID: 9639572Jun 26, 1998Paper

Assembly of flammutoxin, a cytolytic protein from the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes, into a pore-forming ring-shaped oligomer on the target cell

The Biochemical Journal
T TomitaYohichi Hashimoto

Abstract

Flammutoxin has been previously isolated as a cardiotoxic and cytolytic polypeptide of 22 or 32 kDa from the fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes. In the present study, we purified flammutoxin as a single haemolytic protein of 31 kDa and studied the mode of its cytolytic action. (1) Flammutoxin caused efflux of potassium ions from human erythrocytes and swelling of the cells before haemolysis. (2) Flammutoxin did not lyse human erythrocytes in the presence of non-electrolytes with hydrodynamic diameters of >5.0 nm, although it caused leakage of potassium ions and swelling of the cells under the same conditions. (3) Experiments including solubilization of cell-bound toxin with 2% (w/v) SDS at 20 degrees C and subsequent Western immunoblots showed that flammutoxin formed a band corresponding to 180 kDa under the conditions where it lysed erythrocytes. (4) Electron microscopy of flammutoxin-treated human erythrocytes revealed the presence of a ring-shaped structure with outer and inner diameters of 10 and 5 nm, respectively, on the cells. (5) A ring-shaped toxin oligomer of the same dimensions was solubilized from the toxin-treated human erythrocytes with 2% (w/v) SDS at 20 degrees C and isolated by a sucros...Continue Reading

Citations

Sep 8, 2010·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Taisei ShibataKazuo Miyairi
Jun 21, 2011·PloS One·Pawel SzczesnyMarcin Grynberg
Nov 27, 2004·Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry·Asako NaraiMakoto Shimizu
Aug 30, 2008·Phytomedicine : International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology·Hui LvJin-Ku Bao
Apr 13, 2005·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Daniel SherEliahu Zlotkin
Jul 10, 2012·Medical Mycology·Ajay P NayakDonald H Beezhold
May 12, 2000·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·T OkadaM Shimizu

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