Assessing global dietary habits: a comparison of national estimates from the FAO and the Global Dietary Database

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Liana C Del GobboDariush Mozaffarian

Abstract

Accurate data on dietary habits are crucial for understanding impacts on disease and informing policy priorities. Nation-specific food balance sheets from the United Nations FAO provided the only available global dietary estimates but with uncertain validity. We investigated how FAO estimates compared with nationally representative, individual-based dietary surveys from the Global Dietary Database (GDD) and developed calibration equations to improve the validity of FAO data to estimate dietary intakes. FAO estimates were matched to GDD data for 113 countries across the following 9 major dietary metrics for 30 y of data (1980-2009): fruit, vegetables, beans and legumes, nuts and seeds, whole grains, red and processed meats, fish and seafood, milk, and total energy. Both absolute and percentage differences in FAO and GDD mean estimates were evaluated. Linear regression was used to evaluate whether FAO estimates predicted GDD dietary intakes and whether this prediction varied according to age, sex, region, and time. Calibration equations were developed to adjust FAO estimates to approximate national dietary surveys validated by using randomly split data sets. For most food groups, FAO estimates substantially overestimated individu...Continue Reading

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