Assessing the risk factors for difficult-to-treat depression and treatment-resistant depression

The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
Bradley N Gaynes

Abstract

Depression is the leading cause of disability among people across the globe, according to the World Health Organization. Among those who have been diagnosed, many fail to achieve remission after following recommended antidepressant medication and psychosocial therapies. In particular, difficult-to-treat and treatment-resistant depression may cause severe impairments for patients, including diminished cognitive functioning, increased medical bills, and decreased workplace performance, as well as an increased risk of developing comorbid illnesses. However, many tools are available to clinicians for identifying treatment-resistant depression, including rating scales such as the 9-question Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS-SR16), as well as clinical evidence related to risk factors for difficult-to-treat or treatment-resistant depression. Accurately identifying treatment-resistant depression is the first step toward changing treatment regimens to help patients achieve remission.

Citations

Apr 8, 2016·Evidence-based Mental Health·Jaclyn SchwartzDan V Iosifescu
Jan 17, 2017·Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics·Ricardo P GarayPierre-Michel Llorca
Jun 5, 2019·International Journal of Hyperthermia : the Official Journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group·Kay-U Hanusch, Clemens W Janssen
May 1, 2019·The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology·Suqin FengLing Wang
Apr 7, 2020·Current Pharmaceutical Design·Flavia di MicheleAlberto Siracusano
Nov 24, 2021·Frontiers of Medicine·Yang LiaoZengqiang Yuan

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