Assessment of Annual Effective Dose for Natural Radioactivity of Gamma Emitters in Biscuit Samples in Iraq

Journal of Food Protection
Ali Abid AbojassimAfnan A Husain

Abstract

Biscuits are an important type of food, widely consumed by babies in Iraq and other countries. This work uses gamma spectroscopy to measure the natural radioactivity due to long-lived gamma emitters in children's biscuits; it also estimates radiation hazard indices, that is, the radium equivalent activity, the representative of gamma level index, the internal hazard index, and the annual effective dose in children. Ten samples were collected from the Iraqi market from different countries of origin. The average specific activities for (226)Ra, (232)Th, and (40)K were 9.390, 3.1213, and 214.969 Bq/kg, respectively, but the average of the radium equivalent activity and the internal hazard index were 33.101 Bq/kg and 0.107, respectively. The total average annual effective dose from consumption by adults, children, and infants is estimated to be 0.655, 1.009, and 0.875 mSv, respectively. The values found for specific activity, radiation hazard indices, and annual effective dose in all samples in this study were lower than worldwide median values for all groups; therefore, these values are found to be safe.

References

Oct 1, 1991·Health Physics·L S QuindosJ Soto
Aug 21, 2008·Journal of Radiological Protection : Official Journal of the Society for Radiological Protection·N N Jibiri, A A Okusanya
Oct 15, 2011·Journal of Environmental Radioactivity·Nobuyuki Hamada, Haruyuki Ogino
Apr 3, 2012·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International· Nasim-AkhtarM Tufail
Dec 21, 2012·Environmental Science & Technology·Stefan MerzNobuyuki Hamada
Jan 27, 2015·Environmental Science & Technology·Stefan MerzGeorg Steinhauser

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Citations

Feb 22, 2017·Journal of Food Protection·Ali Abid AbojassimAbbas H Abonasria
Jan 7, 2019·Food Chemistry·Donatella DesideriMaria Assunta Meli

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