Assessment of bed sediment metal contamination in the Shadegan and Hawr Al Azim wetlands, Iran

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Hassan NasirianShahrokh Nazmara

Abstract

The Shadegan and Hawr Al Azim wetlands are important natural resources in southwestern Iran, yet relatively little work has been done to assess ecosystem health of the wetlands. Bed sediment from both wetlands was sampled in individual months between October, 2011 and December, 2012 and analyzed for As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, and Zn using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The metals data were evaluated using a combination of sediment quality guidelines from the Ontario Ministry of Energy and Environment (MOEE, Canada), enrichment factors (EFs), and a geo-accumulation index (Igeo) approach. The sediments exceeded MOEE Lowest Effect Levels (LELs) consistently for Cr and Cu and a small proportion of samples (5%) for Hg. Levels of As, Cd, Fe, Pb, and Zn did not exceed LELs and none of the samples exceeded the Severe Effect Levels (SELs). In addition to the sediment guidelines, both the EF and Igeo calculations suggested levels of Mn and Fe were severely enriched, while the EF indicated Cd was slightly enriched. Metal levels in the Shadegan wetland exhibited both spatial and seasonal trends. Metal levels were greater near input areas from agricultural, urban, and industrial discharges and r...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 6, 2020·Scientific Reports·Davood Moshir PanahiGeorgia Destouni
Feb 26, 2021·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·Giuliana K Ñañez PachecoHector Aguilar Vitorino
Jun 22, 2021·Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering·Gholamreza EbrahimzadehAmir Hossein Mahvi

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