Assessment of goat milk adulteration with a label-free monolithically integrated optoelectronic biosensor

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
Μichailia AngelopoulouSotirios E Kakabakos

Abstract

The label-free detection of bovine milk in goat milk through a miniaturized optical biosensor is presented. The biosensor consists of ten planar silicon nitride waveguide Broad-Band Mach-Zehnder interferometers (BB-MZIs) monolithically integrated and self-aligned with their respective silicon LEDs on the same Si chip. The BB-MZIs were transformed to biosensing transducers by functionalizing their sensing arm with bovine k-casein. Measurements were performed by continuously recording the transmission spectra of each interferometer through an external spectrometer. The amount of bovine milk in goat milk was determined through a competitive immunoassay by passing over the sensor mixtures of anti-k-casein antibodies with the calibrators or the samples. The output spectra of each BB-MZI recorded during the reaction were subjected to Discrete Fourier Transform in order to convert the observed spectral shifts to phase shifts in the wavenumber domain. The method had a detection limit of 0.04 % (v/v) bovine milk in goat milk, dynamic range 0.1-1.0 % (v/v), recoveries 93-110 %, and intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation less than 12 and 15 %, respectively. The proposed biosensor compared well in terms of analytical performance ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 16, 2016·Biotechnology Advances·E MakaronaI Raptis
Mar 19, 2016·Journal of Hazardous Materials·Varvara PagkaliSotirios E Kakabakos
Oct 30, 2016·Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture·Qiangqiang LiGang Chen
Dec 22, 2019·Sensors·Monika NehraGiovanna Marrazza
Dec 3, 2020·Biosensors·Adriano Aquino, Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
Jul 13, 2018·Analytical Chemistry·Michailia AngelopoulouSotirios E Kakabakos

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