Assessment of snow-glacier melt and rainfall contribution to stream runoff in Baspa Basin, Indian Himalaya

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Vinay Kumar GaddamAnil Kumar Gupta

Abstract

Hydrological regimes of most of the Himalayan river catchments are poorly studied due to sparse hydro-meteorological data. Hence, stream runoff assessment becomes difficult for various socio-industrial activities in the Himalaya. Therefore, an attempt is made in this study to assess the stream runoff of Baspa River in Himachal Pradesh, India, by evaluating the contribution from snow-ice melt and rainfall runoff. The total volume of flow was computed for a period of 15 years, from 2000 to 2014, and validated with the long-term field discharge measurements, obtained from Jaipee Hydropower station (31° 32' 35.53″ N, 78° 00' 54.80″ E), at Kuppa barrage in the basin. The observations suggest (1) a good correlation (r2 > 0.80) between the modeled runoff and field discharge measurements, and (2) out of the total runoff, 81.2% are produced by snowmelt, 11.4% by rainfall, and 7.4% from ice melt. The catchment receives ~75% of its total runoff in the ablation period (i.e., from May to September). In addition, an early snowmelt is observed in accumulation season during study period, indicating the significant influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on high-altitude areas.

References

Jun 12, 2010·Science·Walter W ImmerzeelMarc F P Bierkens
Apr 21, 2012·Science·T BolchM Stoffel
Nov 26, 2013·The Science of the Total Environment·Mario RohrerAnil V Kulkarni
Jun 13, 2014·FEMS Microbiology Ecology·Stefanie LutzLiane G Benning
Jan 1, 2012·Climatic Change·Walter W ImmerzeelM F P Bierkens

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Citations

Jul 12, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Santosh NepalPierre Chevallier
Nov 2, 2021·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Chanchal GuptaAjay K Taloor

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