Assessment of water, sanitation and hygiene interventions in response to an outbreak of typhoid fever in Neno District, Malawi

PloS One
Sarah D BennettEric Mintz

Abstract

On May 2, 2009 an outbreak of typhoid fever began in rural villages along the Malawi-Mozambique border resulting in 748 illnesses and 44 deaths by September 2010. Despite numerous interventions, including distribution of WaterGuard (WG) for in-home water treatment and education on its use, cases of typhoid fever continued. To inform response activities during the ongoing Typhoid outbreak information on knowledge, attitudes, and practices surrounding typhoid fever, safe water, and hygiene were necessary to plan future outbreak interventions. In September 2010, a survey was administered to female heads in randomly selected households in 17 villages in Neno District, Malawi. Stored household drinking water was tested for free chlorine residual (FCR) levels using the N,N diethyl-p-phenylene diamine colorimetric method (HACH Company, Loveland, CO, USA). Attendance at community-wide educational meetings was reported by 56% of household respondents. Respondents reported that typhoid fever is caused by poor hygiene (77%), drinking unsafe water (49%), and consuming unsafe food (25%), and that treating drinking water can prevent it (68%). WaterGuard, a chlorination solution for drinking water treatment, was observed in 112 (56%) househol...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 17, 2018·Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition·Dahabo Adi GalgalloJames Ransom
Apr 3, 2020·Expert Review of Vaccines·Peter J O'ReillyAndrew J Pollard
Apr 23, 2019·PloS One·Bernadette Basuta MirembeAdrian Muwonge
Apr 2, 2020·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Grace D AppiahEric D Mintz
Oct 23, 2018·Medicina·Olumide AjibolaAnthonius A Eze
Jan 12, 2022·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Jahidur Rahman KhanSabuj Kanti Mistry

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