Association between Bacterial Infection and Peripheral Vascular Disease: A Review

The International Journal of Angiology : Official Publication of the International College of Angiology, Inc
Jacek BudzyńskiAnna Kędzia

Abstract

There are an increasing number of data showing a clinically important association between bacterial infection and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Bacteria suspected of being involved in PAD pathogenesis are: periodontal bacteria, gut microbiota, Helicobacter pylori, and Chlamydia pneumoniae. Infectious agents may be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis via activation of a systemic or local host immunological response to contamination of extravascular tissues or the vascular wall, respectively. A systemic immunological reaction may damage vascular walls in the course of autoimmunological cross-reactions between anti-pathogen antibodies and host vascular antigens (immunological mimicry), pathogen burden mechanisms (nonspecific activation of inflammatory processes in the vascular wall), and neuroendocrine-immune cross-talk. Besides activating the inflammatory pathway, bacterial infection may trigger PAD progression or exacerbation by enhancement of platelet reactivity, by a stimulatory effect on von Willebrand factor binding, factor VIII, fibrinogen, P-selectin activation, disturbances in plasma lipids, increase in oxidative stress, and resistance to insulin. Local inflammatory host reaction and induction of atheroscle...Continue Reading

Citations

Nov 12, 2016·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Ian B StanawayElaine M Faustman
Sep 28, 2017·Scientifica·Naylia A ZigangirovaIvan M Petyaev
Jun 27, 2019·High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention : the Official Journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension·Joshua H GordonJean Wactawski-Wende
Jun 18, 2019·Mediators of Inflammation·Federico BiscettiAndrea Flex

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