Abstract
Both occupational and environmental exposures to lead remain a serious problem in many developing and industrializing countries. When humans are exposed to high levels of lead, there is damage to almost all organs and organ systems (most importantly, the central nervous system, kidneys, and blood), which often culminates in death. To estimate the prevalence of blood lead levels (BLLs) and to identify the sources of environmental exposure and potential risk factors for elevated BLLs among Saudi schoolchildren. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to May 2010. The study population included 557 Saudi school students of both sexes. A multistage random sampling technique was used. Information about socioeconomic status, house and school construction, and parents' education and employment was collected using questionnaires. Lead was analyzed in a blood sample using an atomic absorption technique and hemoglobin was measured using a Sysmex hematological analyzer. The mean BLL was 4.94 ± 3.38 μg/dL (range 0.45-26.3 μg/dL). A total of 19% had BLLs <1.0 μg/dL, 16% had BLLs <2.5 μg/dL, 15% had BLLs <5.0 μg/dL, 20% had BLLs <7.5 μg/dL, 25% had BLLs <10.0 μg/dL, and about 6% had BLLs >10.0 μg/dL. Analysis of odds by controlling ...Continue Reading
References
Feb 1, 1990·American Journal of Public Health·J SchwartzI H von Lindern
Sep 2, 1982·The New England Journal of Medicine·K R MahaffeyR S Murphy
Apr 1, 1994·Environmental Research·J Schwartz
Sep 30, 2000·Pediatrics in Review·M Markowitz
Jan 30, 2004·Annual Review of Medicine·Herbert Needleman
Nov 5, 2005·Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews·Christopher D Toscano, Tomás R Guilarte
Mar 5, 2008·Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health·Kristen RappazzoRichard Tobin
Apr 26, 2008·Mutation Research·Pamela A MeyerHenry Falk
Sep 8, 2009·International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health·Qi WangLin-xiang Ye
Nov 30, 2010·Environmental Research·Mary Jean BrownThomas Sinks
Apr 7, 2011·International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health·Marek Jakubowski
Jul 5, 2011·Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·Jerome NriaguSummer Korponic
Jul 29, 2011·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene·Perry Gottesfeld, Amod K Pokhrel
Nov 11, 2011·International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health·Veronica IglesiasPaulina Pino
Dec 15, 2011·Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology·Si-Hao LinBa O-Ying Liu
Citations
Aug 19, 2014·Indian Pediatrics·Venkata Raghava MohanGagandeep Kang
Sep 13, 2014·Disease Markers·A P ShaikA H Alsaeed
May 22, 2021·Indian Journal of Pediatrics·Rohan Michael RameshVenkata Raghava Mohan
Jun 24, 2021·BMC Public Health·Reem JalladAbdur Rahman