Association between caesarean section and childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Obesity Reviews : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
S KuhleC G Woolcott

Abstract

Birth by caesarean section has been recently implicated in the aetiology of childhood obesity, but studies examining the association have varied with regard to their settings, designs, and adjustment for potential confounders. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the available evidence and to explore study characteristics as sources of heterogeneity. A search of Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science identified 28 studies. Random effects meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Caesarean section had a RR of 1.34 (CI 1.18-1.51) for obesity in the child compared with vaginal birth. The RR was lower for studies that adjusted for maternal pre-pregnancy weight than for studies that did not (1.29, CI 1.16-1.44 vs. 1.55, CI 1.11-2.17). Studies that examined multiple early life factors reported lower RRs than studies that specifically examined caesarean section (1.39, CI 1.23-1.57 vs. 1.23, CI 0.97-1.56). Effect estimates did not vary by child's age at obesity assessment, study design or country income. Children born by caesarean section are at higher risk of developing obesity in childhood. Findings are limited by a moderate heterogeneity among studies and ...Continue Reading

References

Oct 6, 1997·BMJ : British Medical Journal·M EggerC Minder
Mar 4, 2003·Pediatrics·Matthew W GillmanGraham A Colditz
Aug 18, 2004·International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·S ArenzR von Kries
May 24, 2005·BMJ : British Medical Journal·John J ReillyUNKNOWN Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children Study Team
Aug 3, 2006·Pediatrics·John PendersEllen E Stobberingh
Dec 22, 2006·Nature·Ruth E LeyJeffrey I Gordon
Dec 22, 2006·Nature·Peter J TurnbaughJeffrey I Gordon
Aug 25, 2007·Obesity Reviews : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·S Y ChuK M Curtis
Nov 21, 2007·Bulletin of the World Health Organization·Mercedes de OnisJonathan Siekmann
Mar 11, 2008·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Marko KalliomäkiErika Isolauri
Mar 10, 2009·Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition·Christoph ReinhardtFredrik Bäckhed
Jul 1, 2009·International Journal of Pediatric Obesity : IJPO : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·Stefan KuhlePaul J Veugelers
Oct 5, 2010·International Journal of Pediatric Obesity : IJPO : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·Marinka SteurAlet H Wijga
Oct 12, 2010·Maternal and Child Health Journal·Brenda L RooneyCharles W Schauberger
Mar 3, 2011·European Journal of Pediatrics·Leshan ZhouShi Wu Wen
Mar 10, 2011·International Journal of Obesity : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·T A AjslevT Jess
Apr 22, 2011·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Helena As GoldaniMarcelo Z Goldani
May 6, 2011·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Reiner JumpertzJonathan Krakoff
Oct 13, 2011·Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health·Bamini GopinathPaul Mitchell
Jan 13, 2012·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Fernando C BarrosCesar G Victora
Mar 30, 2012·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Emily PriorMatthew J Hyde
May 25, 2012·Archives of Disease in Childhood·Susanna Y HuhMatthew W Gillman
Aug 22, 2012·International Journal of Obesity : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·L TrasandeM J Blaser
Dec 13, 2012·European Journal of Clinical Nutrition·M BirbilisUNKNOWN Healthy Growth Study’ group
Feb 13, 2013·CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'Association Medicale Canadienne·Meghan B AzadUNKNOWN CHILD Study Investigators
May 15, 2013·International Journal of Obesity : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·J BlusteinL Trasande
May 18, 2013·Archives of Disease in Childhood·Kelli FlemmingStefan Kuhle
May 28, 2013·European Journal of Pediatrics·Liang WangMarc Stevens
Jun 29, 2013·Annals of Human Biology·Elżbieta Ządzińska, Iwona Rosset
Jul 17, 2013·Pediatrics·Stephen F WengCris Glazebrook
Jul 25, 2013·Annals of Epidemiology·Shi Lin LinC Mary Schooling
Oct 23, 2013·BMC Public Health·Kumari M RathnayakeRanil Jayawardena
Nov 10, 2013·Obstetrics and Gynecology·Abdullah A MamunLeonie Callaway
Nov 22, 2013·International Journal of Obesity : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·R MurphyUNKNOWN ISAAC Phase Three Study Group
Feb 11, 2014·The Journal of Pediatrics·Zhengcun PeiUNKNOWN Influences of Lifestyle-Related Factors on the Immune System and the Development of Allergies in Childhood plus Air Pollutio
Feb 20, 2014·PloS One·Karin BammannUNKNOWN IDEFICS Consortium
Jul 1, 2014·ISRN Obesity·Katerina KotzampassiGeorge Stavrou
Jul 12, 2014·International Journal of Obesity : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·M B AzadA L Kozyrskyj
Sep 30, 2014·JAMA Pediatrics·L Charles BaileyPatricia A DeRusso
Oct 10, 2014·International Journal of Obesity : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·N T MuellerA Rundle

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Dec 15, 2015·Birth Defects Research. Part C, Embryo Today : Reviews·Maureen W GroerW Allan Walker
Nov 27, 2015·Birth Defects Research. Part C, Embryo Today : Reviews·Niels van BestJohn Penders
Nov 1, 2015·Gut Microbes·Shaillay DograJoanna D Holbrook
Sep 29, 2015·Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease·A A FerraroS E Vieira
Apr 9, 2016·Childhood Obesity·Andreas Friis PihlJens-Christian Holm
Jun 30, 2016·Trends in Microbiology·Efrem S LimLori R Holtz
Aug 9, 2016·Reproductive Toxicology·Martina KarlsenDamaskini Valvi
Sep 28, 2016·Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal D'obstétrique Et Gynécologie Du Canada : JOGC·Victoria M AllenColleen M O'Connell
Oct 1, 2016·The Journal of Pediatrics·Linda P M PluymenLenie Van Rossem
Oct 5, 2016·American Journal of Human Biology : the Official Journal of the Human Biology Council·Amanda Veile, Karen L Kramer
Oct 21, 2016·Reproductive Health·Maria Regina TorloniJosé M Belizán
Nov 5, 2016·BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth·Erigene RutayisireFangbiao Tao
Feb 16, 2017·Clinical & Translational Immunology·Lieke Wj van den ElsenElizabeth E Forbes-Blom
Mar 28, 2017·Evidence-based Medicine·Stefan Kuhle, Christy G Woolcott
Dec 21, 2017·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Jingjing LiangJin Jing
Sep 6, 2018·QJM : Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians·S ChuJ Zhang
Apr 1, 2018·BMJ Case Reports·David Avelar RodriguezJaime Ramirez Mayans
Feb 2, 2019·American Journal of Human Biology : the Official Journal of the Human Biology Council·Hugo AzcorraFederico Dickinson
Jan 22, 2019·Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology·Xiang-Peng LiaoWilliam D Fraser
Mar 1, 2019·American Journal of Human Biology : the Official Journal of the Human Biology Council·Amanda VeileKaren L Kramer
May 22, 2019·American Journal of Epidemiology·Alexandre Archanjo FerraroHeloisa Bettiol
Aug 2, 2017·International Journal of Obesity : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·S HansenJ E Chavarro
Nov 19, 2019·Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease·Ruth BaronUNKNOWN SAWANTI working group
Nov 7, 2019·Pediatric Obesity·Amy R GoetzLori J Stark
Oct 11, 2019·Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health·Gwinyai MasukumeAli S Khashan
Feb 19, 2020·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Hanna LagströmLars Bode
Nov 6, 2018·PloS One·Isabel Cristina Ribas WerlangHelena Ayako Sueno Goldani
May 30, 2020·Obesity Reviews : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·Elizabeth J TaylorNisreen A Alwan
Jan 21, 2020·The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics : a Journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics·Noel T MuellerMaria-Gloria Dominguez-Bello
Jul 8, 2020·Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology·Abdelhalim Ouald ChaibYvan Vandenplas

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Tumour Biology : the Journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine
Shanliang ZhongJianhua Zhao
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved