Association Between Oral Hygiene Status and Halitosis Among Smokers and Nonsmokers.

Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry
Iris Liew Ee JiunMohammad Mobarak Hossain Khan

Abstract

To study the association of smoking with poor oral hygiene status and halitosis in a comparative cross-sectional study. 100 smokers and 100 nonsmokers ages 18-50 years were recruited for this study in Kota Bharu, Malaysia. Oral hygiene (good/fair vs poor) was determined using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, and the halitosis level was measured using a Halimeter. Subjects were instructed to refrain from consuming foods containing garlic, onions, strong spices, alcohol and using mouthwashes 48 h prior to the examination. The halitosis levels were quantified by recording volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) three times at 3-min intervals, resulting in a mean halitosis score. Various statistical analyses were performed, ranging from simple frequency analysis to multivariable modelling. The proportions of subjects with poor oral hygiene and high halitosis were 24.0% and 41.5%, respectively. According to bivariate analyses, both problems were significantly less frequent among younger adults (halitosis), females, subjects with higher education, those with adequate habits to maintain good oral hygiene, those who had recent dental visits and those self-reporting fewer health problems. The percentages of poor oral hygiene and high halito...Continue Reading

Citations

Jun 28, 2018·Journal of Breath Research·Athina C GeorgiouXanthippi Dereka

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