Association between the Urinary Sodium to Potassium Ratio and Blood Pressure in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Advances in Nutrition
Rhoda N NdanukoKaren E Charlton

Abstract

While sodium and potassium are individually important for blood pressure (BP) regulation, the relative contribution of sodium to potassium intake has not been sufficiently investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the association between urinary sodium to potassium ratio (UNa: K) and systolic and diastolic BP in adults. A systematic review (PROSPERO; CRD42016035296) was conducted and was reported according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Three scientific databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science) were searched to March 2020 while reference lists of included articles were further hand-searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCT), cohort and cross-sectional studies that assessed 24-h urinary excretion in adults were included. Data from eligible studies were extracted and summarized. Random effects meta-analysis was conducted on RCT data to assess standardized mean differences (SMD) in systolic and diastolic BP according to 24-h UNa: K. Thirty-nine studies were included. Meta-analysis of 5 RCTs found a lower UNa: K ratio to be associated with a significantly greater reduction in systolic and diastolic BP compared with a higher UNa: K ratio [SMD: -1.09 (95% CI: -1.91, -0....Continue Reading

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