Abstract
Little is known about how the relationship between chronic disease, impairment, and disability has changed over time among older adults. To examine how the associations of chronic disease and impairment with specific disability have changed over time. Repeated cross-sectional analysis, followed by examining the collated sample using time interaction variables, of 3 recent waves of the Health and Retirement Study. The subjects included 10,390, 10,621 and 10,557 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and above in 1998, 2004, and 2008. : Survey-based history of chronic diseases including hypertension, heart disease, heart failure, stroke, diabetes, cancer, chronic lung disease, and arthritis; impairments, including cognition, vision, and hearing; and disability, including mobility, complex activities of daily living (ADL), and self-care ADL. Over time, the relationship of chronic diseases and impairments with disability was largely unchanged; however, the association between hypertension and complex ADL disability weakened from 1998 to 2004 and 2008 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.24; 99% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.46; OR = 1.07; 99% CI, 0.90-1.27; OR = 1.00; 99% CI, 0.83-1.19, respectively], as it did for hypertension and self-care d...Continue Reading
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