Abstract
This study assesses whether presence of cognitive dysfunction can be a marker associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events independent of ambulatory blood pressure (BP) or other indices of target organ damage (TOD) in elderly hypertensive patients. We recruited 585 hypertensive patients (mean age, 73 years; 41% men) who were ambulatory, lived independently, and were without clinically overt dementia. Cognitive function was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at baseline, and CVD events (coronary artery disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, and sudden death) were prospectively ascertained. Cognitive dysfunction was defined as the lowest quartile of MMSE scores (n = 183, median 24 points). CVD events occurred in 42 people over an average of 2.8 years (1644 person-years). The prevalence of cognitive dysfunction was higher in patients with CVD events than those without (57 vs. 29%; both P <0.001) at baseline. Cognitive dysfunction was associated with CVD events, after adjustment for nocturnal SBP and evidence of TOD [i.e. albuminuria, cardiac hypertrophy, and carotid-artery intima-media thickness (IMT)], hazard ratio 2.5-2.9 (all P <0.01). Incorporation of MMSE in the risk model (includin...Continue Reading
References
Apr 1, 1977·Circulation·R B Devereux, N Reichek
Oct 29, 1988·BMJ : British Medical Journal·D W O'ConnorM Roth
Jun 1, 1996·Hypertension·O TochikuboM Ishii
Feb 28, 1996·Statistics in Medicine·F E HarrellD B Mark
Aug 1, 1996·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·W T LongstrethL Fried
Aug 18, 1999·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·J A StaessenJ Webster
May 3, 2005·Age and Ageing·Greta RaitAlistair J Tulloch
May 25, 2005·Neurology·Jacob S ElkinsS Claiborne Johnston
Feb 21, 2006·Atherosclerosis·M MullerY T van der Schouw
Feb 21, 2007·Circulation·Nancy R Cook
Jun 15, 2007·Statistics in Medicine·Michael J PencinaRamachandran S Vasan
Oct 9, 2007·Lancet·José BoggiaUNKNOWN International Database on Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in relation to Cardiovascular Outcomes (IDACO) investigators
Jul 16, 2008·Journal of Hypertension·Michiaki NagaiKazuomi Kario
Mar 28, 2009·Circulation·Sharon Ann HuntClyde W Yancy
Apr 3, 2009·American Journal of Kidney Diseases : the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation·Seiichi MatsuoUNKNOWN Collaborators developing the Japanese equation for estimated GFR
May 2, 2009·European Heart Journal·Angelo ScuteriMassimo Volpe
Jun 23, 2009·Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD·Roberto MonasteroRosolino Camarda
Jan 14, 2010·BMJ : British Medical Journal·Nien-Chen LiBenjamin Wolozin
Feb 12, 2011·American Journal of Hypertension·Yuichiro YanoKazuomi Kario
May 14, 2011·Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN·Hanneke JoostenRon T Gansevoort
Jul 23, 2011·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·Philip B GorelickUNKNOWN American Heart Association Stroke Council, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Counci
Aug 11, 2011·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Kristine YaffeKatie L Stone
Nov 23, 2011·Circulation·William B WhiteCharles R G Guttmann
Mar 2, 2012·Hypertension Research : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension·Yuichiro Yano, Kazuomi Kario
May 4, 2012·European Heart Journal·Martin O'DonnellSalim Yusuf
Jun 13, 2012·Heart·Laura H P EggermontErik J A Scherder
Oct 10, 2012·Hypertension·Sébastien CelleOlivier Beauchet
Feb 12, 2013·Lancet·Andrew CleggKenneth Rockwood
Sep 1, 2005·Age·UNKNOWN Editorial board
Citations
Sep 12, 2015·Heart & Lung : the Journal of Critical Care·Susan S XieJoel W Hughes
Jan 9, 2019·Journal of Molecular Medicine : Official Organ of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher Und Ärzte·So Yeong Cheon, Kyoung Joo Cho
May 28, 2019·The Journal of Clinical Hypertension·Yuda TuranaKazuomi Kario
Nov 8, 2014·Journal of Hypertension·Bo Carlberg
Jun 3, 2017·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Tali Cukierman-YaffeRonald M Lazar
Oct 30, 2018·Journal of the American Heart Association·Ji AnYanxia Luo
Dec 7, 2018·Cardiovascular Diabetology·Gilad TwigTali Cukierman-Yaffe
Jun 11, 2019·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Romina María Uranga, Jeffrey Neil Keller
Dec 29, 2020·Geriatric Nursing·Cheng-Chen ChouChi-Jane Wang
Jul 22, 2021·Hypertension Research : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension·Jiawei QinLiling Zheng