Association of smoking with lower urinary tract symptoms

The Journal of Urology
J KoskimäkiT L Tammela

Abstract

We studied the association of smoking with lower urinary tract symptoms. In 1994 we performed a population based study by mailing a questionnaire to all 3,143 men born in 1924, 1934 or 1944 who resided in Tampere, or in 11 rural or semirural municipalities in the same county. Of this population 68% were ultimately included in the study. A modified Danish Prostate Symptom Score-1 was used to assess urinary symptoms and associated bothersomeness. A symptom index was created by multiplying the symptom and bothersomeness scores of hesitancy, incomplete emptying, urge, urge incontinence, nocturia and daytime frequency, and totaling the products. The index for lower urinary tract symptoms was defined as positive when it reached 7 points. Subjects were also asked whether they had smoked for at least a year, and they were defined as smoking currently, formerly and never according to the response. Compared with respondents who never smoked age adjusted odds ratios were 1.47 (95% confidence interval 1.09 to 1.98) and 1.38 (1.08 to 1.78), respectively, for those who currently and formerly smoked. After further adjusting for alcohol consumption, body mass index, previous prostate surgery, pelvic area surgery, prostate cancer and bladder ca...Continue Reading

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