Abstract
X-linked hydrocephalus (XLH) has an incidence of 1/30,000 male births and is characterized by intellectual disability, spastic paraplegia, adducted thumbs, and agenesis of corpus callosum, and/or corticospinal tract. The great proportion of cases is ascribed to loss of function mutations of L1CAM gene. Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses along a variable portion of the intestinal tract and has incidence of about 1/5,000. Although with several genes involved in its pathogenesis, the major HSCR gene is the RET proto-oncogene. To date only a few patients have been reported with both phenotypes and mutations in the L1CAM gene. In this report, we describe a new patient with concurrent XLH and HSCR. L1CAM mutational screening showed the presence of the G698R hemizygous mutation, which is a deleterious substitution affecting a key residue necessary for the correct folding of the protein. Moreover, the patient also carried the transcriptional enhancer RET mutation (c.73 + 9277T > C) in heterozygosis. We speculate that both the RET enhancer variant, and the L1CAM mutation may act in combination to produce the enteric phenotype, probably with the participa...Continue Reading
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