Associations between allergic symptoms and phosphate flame retardants in dust and their urinary metabolites among school children

Environment International
Atsuko ArakiReiko Kishi

Abstract

Phosphate flame retardants (PFRs) are ubiquitously detected in indoor environments. Despite increasing health concerns pertaining to PFR exposure, few epidemiological studies have examined PFR exposure and its effect on children's allergies. To investigate the association between PFRs in house dust, their metabolites in urine, and symptoms of wheeze and allergies among school-aged children. A total of 128 elementary school-aged children were enrolled. House dust samples were collected from upper-surface objects. Urine samples were collected from the first morning void. Levels of 11 PFRs in dust and 14 PFR metabolites in urine were measured. Parent-reported symptoms of wheeze, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema were evaluated using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. The odds ratios (ORs) of the Ln transformed PFR concentrations and categorical values were calculated using a logistic regression model adjusted for sex, grade, dampness index, annual house income, and creatinine level (for PFR metabolites only). The prevalence rates of wheeze, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema were 22.7%, 36.7%, and 28.1%, respectively. A significant association between tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIP...Continue Reading

Citations

Jun 5, 2020·Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT·Rie YanagisawaHirohisa Takano
Feb 12, 2019·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Liza Bronner MurrisonGurjit K Khurana Hershey
Jun 9, 2020·Current Allergy and Asthma Reports·Timothy P Moran
Nov 23, 2019·Current Environmental Health Reports·Brett T DohertyKate Hoffman
Nov 3, 2020·Environment International·Michiel BastiaensenAdrian Covaci
Aug 11, 2020·Environment International·Stephanie C HammelKate Hoffman
Mar 27, 2021·Environment International·Kathryn M RodgersRobin E Dodson
Aug 14, 2021·Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology·Rie YanagisawaHirohisa Takano

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