Astrocyte and Neuronal Plasticity in the Somatosensory System

Neural Plasticity
Robert E SimsS Glazewski

Abstract

Changing the whisker complement on a rodent's snout can lead to two forms of experience-dependent plasticity (EDP) in the neurons of the barrel cortex, where whiskers are somatotopically represented. One form, termed coding plasticity, concerns changes in synaptic transmission and connectivity between neurons. This is thought to underlie learning and memory processes and so adaptation to a changing environment. The second, called homeostatic plasticity, serves to maintain a restricted dynamic range of neuronal activity thus preventing its saturation or total downregulation. Current explanatory models of cortical EDP are almost exclusively neurocentric. However, in recent years, increasing evidence has emerged on the role of astrocytes in brain function, including plasticity. Indeed, astrocytes appear as necessary partners of neurons at the core of the mechanisms of coding and homeostatic plasticity recorded in neurons. In addition to neuronal plasticity, several different forms of astrocytic plasticity have recently been discovered. They extend from changes in receptor expression and dynamic changes in morphology to alteration in gliotransmitter release. It is however unclear how astrocytic plasticity contributes to the neurona...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 30, 2016·Brain Research Bulletin·Robert KrencikErik M Ullian
May 28, 2019·Molecular Neurobiology·Julianna KardosLászló Héja
Dec 5, 2019·Journal of Computational Neuroscience·Jhunlyn LorenzoSabir Jacquir
Apr 11, 2018·The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology·Dominique VodovarMathieu Charvériat
Oct 12, 2018·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·James M Robertson
Dec 5, 2020·Curēus·Arohi B GandhiSafeera Khan
Mar 23, 2021·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Andrey Yu VerisokinAlexey R Brazhe
Oct 26, 2021·Frontiers in Physiology·Isato FukushiYasumasa Okada

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transgenic

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