Astrocytic proBDNF and Tonic GABA Distinguish Active versus Reactive Astrocytes in Hippocampus

Experimental Neurobiology
Heejung ChunC Justin Lee

Abstract

Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the brain and they make close contacts with neurons and blood vessels. They respond dynamically to various environmental stimuli and change their morphological and functional properties. Both physiological and pathological stimuli can induce versatile changes in astrocytes, as this phenomenon is referred to as 'astrocytic plasticity'. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of astrocytic plasticity in response to various stimuli remain elusive, except for the presence of hypertrophy, a conspicuous structural change which is frequently observed in activated or reactive astrocytes. Here, we investigated differential characteristics of astrocytic plasticity in a stimulus-dependent manner. Strikingly, a stab wound brain injury lead to hypertrophy of astrocytes accompanied by increased GABA expression and tonic GABA release in mouse CA1 hippocampus. In contrast, the mice experiencing enriched environment exhibited astrocytic hypertrophy with enhanced proBDNF immunoreactivity but without GABA signal. Based on the results, we define proBDNF-positive/GABA-negative hypertrophic astrocytes as 'active' astrocytes and GABA-positive hypertrophic astrocytes as 'reactive' astrocytes, respec...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 3, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Eiji ShigetomiSchuichi Koizumi
Aug 21, 2019·Glia·Carole EscartinMaria-Angeles Carrillo-de Sauvage
Nov 14, 2019·Neural Regeneration Research·Andrea Beatriz CragnoliniGiovanni Cirillo
Feb 15, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Zhiwen ZhouRyuta Koyama
Jul 11, 2021·Experimental & Molecular Medicine·Hyun-U ChoC Justin Lee
May 29, 2021·Experimental Neurobiology·Heeyoung AnMin-Ho Nam

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Software Mentioned

Minianalysis
pCLAMP
Axon Imaging Workbench (
ImageJ

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