Asymmetric distribution of biomolecules of maternal origin in the Xenopus laevis egg and their impact on the developmental plan

Scientific Reports
Radek SindelkaMikael Kubista

Abstract

Asymmetric cell division is a ubiquitous feature during the development of higher organisms. Asymmetry is achieved by differential localization or activities of biological molecules such as proteins, and coding and non-coding RNAs. Here, we present subcellular transcriptomic and proteomic analyses along the animal-vegetal axis of Xenopus laevis eggs. More than 98% of the maternal mRNAs could be categorized into four localization profile groups: animal, vegetal, extremely vegetal, and a newly described group of mRNAs that we call extremely animal, which are mRNAs enriched in the animal cortex region. 3'UTRs of localized mRNAs were analyzed for localization motifs. Several putative motifs were discovered for vegetal and extremely vegetal mRNAs, while no distinct conserved motifs for the extremely animal mRNAs were identified, suggesting different localization mechanisms. Asymmetric profiles were also found for proteins, with correlation to those of corresponding mRNAs. Based on unexpected observation of the profiles of the homoeologous genes exd2 we propose a possible mechanism of genetic evolution.

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Citations

Jan 5, 2019·The Journal of General Physiology·Elizabeth E L Lee, Francisco Bezanilla
Jun 10, 2020·Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal·Ravindra NaraineRadek Sindelka
Jun 9, 2021·Nature Communications·Karoline HollerJan Philipp Junker
Jun 14, 2019·Analytical Chemistry·Anumita Saha-ShahBenjamin A Garcia

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
RNA-Seq
deamination

Software Mentioned

DESeq2
GIBBS
STAR
Trimmomatic PE
Suite
out
kmer
db
MaxQuant
DESeq

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