Atherosclerotic disease is the predominant aetiology of acute coronary syndrome in young adults

Cardiovascular Journal of Africa
A K Pillay, D P Naidoo

Abstract

Few studies have evaluated young adults in their third and fourth decades with coronary artery disease (CAD). This study evaluated the clinical and angiographic profile of young adults ( < 35 years) with CAD. A 10-year (2003-2012) retrospective chart review was performed on patients less than 35 years diagnosed with CAD at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban. Of the 100 patients who met the study criteria, the majority were male (90%), of Indian ethnicity (79%), and presented with acute coronary syndrome (93%). Smoking (82%), dyslipidaemia (79%) and dysglycaemia (75%) were the most prevalent risk factors. Almost half of the subjects (48%) met criteria for the metabolic syndrome. Angiographic findings revealed multi-vessel (42%), single-vessel (36%) and non-occlusive disease (20%); only two subjects had normal epicardial vessels. Disease severity was influenced by dyslipidaemia (p = 0.002) and positive family history (p = 0.002). Non-coronary aetiologies were identified in 19% of subjects. Atherosclerotic disease associated with risk-factor clustering was highly prevalent in young adults with CAD.

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Statistical Package for the Social Sciences ( SPSS

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