Atmospheric particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, n-alkanes, hopanes, steranes and trace metals: PM2.5 source identification, individual and cumulative multi-pathway lifetime cancer risk assessment in the urban environment

The Science of the Total Environment
Minas IakovidesEuripides G Stephanou

Abstract

The occurrence of atmospheric fine particles (PM2.5)-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), trace metals and organic molecular markers was investigated by conducting an intensive sampling campaign at the Eastern Mediterranean urban area of Nicosia (Cyprus). Sixty-two 24-hr PM2.5 samples were collected and analyzed for fifty parent and alkylated PAHs, twenty-five long chain n-alkanes, seventeen hopanes and twelve steranes used for source apportionment. The same number and kind of samples were analyzed to determine twenty-eight trace metals. Emphasis was given to investigate the air levels of the scarcely monitored although highly carcinogenic PAHs such as dibenzopyrenes, dibenzoanthracenes, 7H-benzo[c]fluorene and 5-methyl-chrysene, not included in the USEPA's sixteen PAH priority list (USEPA-16). UNMIX receptor model was applied to apportion the sources of atmospheric emissions of the determined organic compounds and trace metals and evaluate their daily contributions to the corresponding PM2.5 associated concentrations. For comparison purposes, principal component analysis with multiple linear regression (PCA/MLR) was also applied and its results are reported. The UNMIX receptor model, compared to PCA/MLR, offered...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 7, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Lu YangNing Tang
Jun 10, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Health Research·Zhixiang ZhouJingfeng Gao
Jun 15, 2021·Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering·Chao-Lang KaoYuan-Jie Zhuang
Jul 27, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Siqi WuYing Shao

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