ATR cooperates with CTC1 and STN1 to maintain telomeres and genome integrity in Arabidopsis.

Molecular Biology of the Cell
Kara A BoltzDorothy E Shippen

Abstract

The CTC1/STN1/TEN1 (CST) complex is an essential constituent of plant and vertebrate telomeres. Here we show that CST and ATR (ataxia telangiectasia mutated [ATM] and Rad3-related) act synergistically to maintain telomere length and genome stability in Arabidopsis. Inactivation of ATR, but not ATM, temporarily rescued severe morphological phenotypes associated with ctc1 or stn1. Unexpectedly, telomere shortening accelerated in plants lacking CST and ATR. In first-generation (G1) ctc1 atr mutants, enhanced telomere attrition was modest, but in G2 ctc1 atr, telomeres shortened precipitously, and this loss coincided with a dramatic decrease in telomerase activity in G2 atr mutants. Zeocin treatment also triggered a reduction in telomerase activity, suggesting that the prolonged absence of ATR leads to a hitherto-unrecognized DNA damage response (DDR). Finally, our data indicate that ATR modulates DDR in CST mutants by limiting chromosome fusions and transcription of DNA repair genes and also by promoting programmed cell death in stem cells. We conclude that the absence of CST in Arabidopsis triggers a multifaceted ATR-dependent response to facilitate maintenance of critically shortened telomeres and eliminate cells with severe tel...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 31, 2012·Genes & Development·Catherine Cifuentes-RojasDorothy E Shippen
Mar 6, 2013·Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology·A D L Nelson, D E Shippen
Jan 28, 2014·PloS One·Simon AmiardCharles I White
Feb 20, 2014·PloS One·Kara A BoltzDorothy E Shippen
Dec 15, 2015·Annual Review of Plant Biology·Zhubing HuLieven De Veylder
Feb 3, 2018·Plant Cell Reports·Xiaoyuan Xie, Dorothy E Shippen
Jul 26, 2016·Frontiers in Plant Science·Petra Procházková SchrumpfováJiří Fajkus
Sep 23, 2020·Plant Cell Reports·Sreyashree BoseDorothy E Shippen

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
genotyping
RAP

Software Mentioned

LinRegPCR
ImageJ
PETRA
QuantityOne

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