Atrazine promotes immunomodulation by melanomacrophage centre alterations in spleen and vascular disorders in gills from Oreochromis niloticus

Aquatic Toxicology
Sabrina Elisa OliveiraRalph Gruppi Thomé

Abstract

Atrazine is a herbicide that is banned in Europe but remains widely used on different types of crops in several countries in the American continent. Atrazine is known to be an endocrine disruptor and its effects on gonads have been extensively reported, but the toxic action on other organs is poorly documented. In this paper, we investigated the toxicity of atrazine on the gills and spleens of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The median lethal concentration (LC50), capable of killing one-half of the test animals was calculated, and sublethal concentrations of atrazine were used in a semistatic and subchronic assay. The following four experimental groups were formed: control not exposed to atrazine, a group exposed to 1 ppm atrazine for 15 days, a group exposed to 2 ppm for 7 days, and a group exposed to 2 ppm for 15 days. The concentrations were verified during the study by high performance liquid chromatography. The gills and spleens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and histopathological findings were made. The Perls technique was used on the spleens to identify hemosiderin, lipofuscin, and melanin pigments in the cells from melanomacrophage centres (MMCs). The spleens were submitted to proliferating cell nuclear a...Continue Reading

Citations

Jun 25, 2019·Water Environment Research : a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation·Yifan WangJinkai Xue
May 6, 2021·Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological and Integrative Physiology·Anderson K S MacêdoRalph G Thomé
Jun 3, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Federica GiambòConcettina Fenga

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