Atrophy of skin-draining lymph nodes predisposes for impaired immune responses to secondary infection in mice with chronic intestinal nematode infection

PLoS Pathogens
Xiaogang FengSusanne Nylén

Abstract

Intestinal nematodes suppress immune responses in the context of allergy, gut inflammation, secondary infection and vaccination. Several mechanisms have been proposed for this suppression including alterations in Th2 cell differentiation and increased Treg cell suppressive function. In this study, we show that chronic nematode infection leads to reduced peripheral responses to vaccination because of a generalized reduction in the available responsive lymphocyte pool. We found that superficial skin-draining lymph nodes (LNs) in mice that are chronically infected with the intestinal nematode Heligmosomides polygyrus, do not reach the same cellularity as worm-free mice upon subsequent BCG infection in the skin. B cells and T cells, all declined in skin-draining LN of H. polygyrus-infected mice, resulting in LNs atrophy and altered lymphocyte composition. Importantly, anti-helminthic treatment improved lymphocyte numbers in skin-draining LN, indicating that time after de-worming is critical to regain full-scale LN cellularity. De-worming, and time for the skin LN to recover cellularity, also mended responses to Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in the LN draining the footpad injection site. Thus, our findings show that chronic nematode...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 12, 2019·Parasite Immunology·Cajsa ClassonSusanne Nylén
Nov 21, 2019·Cell Reports·Wiebke HartmannMinka Breloer
Aug 26, 2021·Journal of Leukocyte Biology·Mariana M S OliveiraLisa S Westerberg

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
PRJNA433170

Methods Mentioned

BETA
FACS
RNA-seq
FCS
ELISA
PCR

Software Mentioned

cufflinks
R
htseq
PRISM
Treestar
FlowJo
Tophat
samtools
picard
ENSEMBL

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