PMID: 9529907Apr 8, 1998Paper

Attentional processing of "unattended" flankers: evidence for a failure of selective attention

Perception & Psychophysics
P A Schmidt, V J Dark

Abstract

Results from research with the flanker task have been used to argue both that flankers are identified without attention and that flanker identification requires attention. In three experiments, we addressed this issue by examining flanker recall. In Experiment 1, we manipulated flanker redundancy, a variable that could influence attention to the flankers, in order to determine whether it affected the magnitude of the flanker effect, the magnitude of flanker recall, or both. Redundancy did not influence the flanker effect, and recall was high in both conditions, suggesting that the flankers were attended. The recall results contradicted those of Miller (1987), the only other study that we could find in which flanker recall was used. In Experiments 2 and 3, we examined differences between Miller's procedure and ours. Although flanker recall was lower when open-ended rather than forced recall was used and when the flanker task was made more complicated, flanker recall remained well above chance in all conditions. The data strongly suggest that in the typical correlated flanker task there is a failure of selective attention at some point during processing such that flankers receive attentional processing.

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Citations

Jul 1, 2005·Science in China. Series C, Life Sciences·Shihui Han, Glyn W Humphreys
Feb 11, 2004·Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance·Peter A StarreveldKaren Mortier
Mar 25, 1999·Perception & Psychophysics·A CohenH Magen
May 20, 1999·Perception & Psychophysics·P A Schmidt, V J Dark
Mar 20, 2016·Psychological Science·Rotem Avital-Cohen, Yehoshua Tsal
Nov 3, 2020·Attention, Perception & Psychophysics·Eli BulgerAbigail L Noyce

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