Atypical Evolution of the F1 Fo Adenosine Triphosphate Synthase Regulatory ATP6 subunit in Glacier Ice Worms (Annelida: Clitellata: Mesenchytraeus )

Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online
Shirley A Lang, Daniel H Shain

Abstract

The glacier ice worm, Mesenchytraeus solifugus, is among a few animals that reside permanently in glacier ice. Their adaptation to cold temperature has been linked to relatively high intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, which compensate for reductions in molecular motion at low physiological temperatures. Here, we show that ATP6-the critical regulatory subunit of the F1Fo-ATP synthase and primary target of mitochondrial disease-acquired an unprecedented histidine-rich, 18-amino acid carboxy-terminal extension, which counters the strong evolutionary trend of mitochondrial genome compaction. Furthermore, sequence analysis suggests that this insertion is not of metazoan origin, but rather is a product of horizontal gene transfer from a microbial dietary source, and may act as a proton shuttle to accelerate the rate of ATP synthesis.

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Citations

Mar 1, 2020·The Protein Journal·Shirley A LangDaniel H Shain

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
RNA-Seq
PCR

Software Mentioned

pBLAST
BLASTx
BLASTn
Chromas
MEGA
Mesquite
BLAST

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